Exploratory and confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory for Malays

Parasuicide has become an increasingly common response to emotional distress in young adults. The general pattern of parasuicide shows variations among the developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of parasuicide and suicide beside comparing the characteristics between different ethnic groups. The study was a retrospective case review of all parasuicide cases treated in Hospital Sungai Bakap and all suicides from the hospital mortuary from January 2001 to December 2005. We collected data concerning demographic data, information on method used and the circumstances. A total of 189 cases of parasuicide were analysed. There was a significant increase of parasuicide from 26.5 per 100,000 persons in 2001 to 32.1 per 100,000 persons in 2005. Seventy two percent of the cases were female. Indians constituted 64 % of the cases, followed by the Chinese (19 %), Malays (13 %) and foreigners (4 %). The age group 18-30 years ranked at the top, constituting 59.7% of the cases. Majority of the cases were by intentional poisoning and only 2 cases (1.1 %) were intentional injuries by sharp objects. In the past 5 years, the agents implicated were drugs (43.9 %), pesticides (23.5 %), household products (11.8 %), and others (20.8 %). Intentional Paracetamol poisoning had doubled from 11.7 % in 2001 to 23.4 % in 2005 while the use of pesticides had decreased from 32 % in 2001 to 17 % in 2005. Only 2 % of the cases had history of underlying disorders like schizophrenia and personalities disorders. As for suicide, the rates remained relatively unchanged at 5 per 100,000 populations. In this study, the demographic characteristics of suicide differ from parasuicide as suicides were associated with higher percentage of males and Chinese. There were 2 peaks in the age group of 31-40 and above 60 years old. The highest mode of suicide was hanging (53.5 %), followed by pesticide poisoning (25.6 %) and inhaled carbon monoxide (9.3 %).There is a need to improve on prevention and interventions for parasuicide and decrease suicide prevalence. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo